There are three main questions migrologist try to answer: who, where and why. You can look for macro data in bi-anual IOM´s report to the first two questions.
On the other hand, last question has been answered by many disciplines like geography, sociology, psicology, economy and so on.
Economic theories: simple and elegant, but outfashioned?
In the field of Economy, one of the key theories that explain migrations is the neoclassical economics theory. According to this, people migrate in search of better economic opportunities, such as higher wages and job prospects. Individuals are assumed to be rational actors who weigh the costs and benefits of migrating and make decisions based on maximizing their utility.
Further theory developments include the proposal of Odek Stark and his theory on familiar investing, or the crazy idea of Todaro about the use of statistics to decide if one should migrate. Nowdays, the notion of an “homus economicus” has been questioned (See Daniel Kanheman), showing humans have other motivations different than economic, think about refugees or familiar reunification, for example…
Are migrants good for host societies?
The economic impact of migrants in host societies is a topic of ongoing debate. While some argue that migrants compete with native workers for jobs and depress wages, others highlight the positive contributions that migrants make to the economy. Migrants often take up jobs that native workers are unwilling to do (See Michael Piore and dual markets), such as agricultural work or low-skilled labor in sectors like construction and hospitality. This helps fill labor shortages and fuels economic growth in host societies.
Furthermore, migrants are also consumers who contribute to the local economy by spending on goods and services. They support businesses, create demand for housing, and stimulate economic activity in host communities. Additionally, migrants bring diverse skills, knowledge, and perspectives to host societies, leading to innovation and cultural enrichment.
Migrants, brain circulation and social remittances
In conclusion, economic theories play a crucial role in understanding migrations and the economic impact of migrants in host societies. By examining the motivations behind migration and the contributions that migrants make to the economy, policymakers can develop informed policies that harness the benefits of migration while addressing its challenges. It is essential to recognize the economic potential of migrants and create inclusive societies that benefit from the diversity and talents that migrants give in both societies, host and sent (See constructs like brain circulation and social remittances)
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